Monday, August 24, 2020

Strategy Myths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

System Myths - Essay Example e the interest of an item relies upon numerous factors and capacity that decide its capacity to fulfill the client needs (Stonehouse and Houston, 2012). For example, the item plan, item benefits, item quality and appropriation methodologies will influence the capacity to accomplish achievement in the market. The achievement relies upon item an incentive to clients and not the value (Graham, 2005). 3. The third explanation expresses that ‘I am a decent cook so I should begin a restaurant’. This is a legend in light of the fact that wandering in to any market requires cautious filtering of the earth to recognize the interest for the administrations, the assets accessible and serious quality of the businessman. For this situation, the board of the eatery will require arranging, asset allotment, and controlling the representatives (Graham, 2005). 4. ‘The client is consistently right’. This announcement is genuine on the grounds that clients gripe for various reasons (Graham, 2005). The association must value the client grumblings and utilize such data in improving the nature of the item and administrations. Clients gripe for veritable reasons, for example, deficient items, poor item quality, poor after deal administrations of poor client connections the board in the association (Graham, 2005). 5. ‘I’ll simply open my store, and individuals will stream in off the walkways and purchase from me’. This is a procedure legend since buyer purchasing request is controlled by a few factors, for example, social variables, individual components and mental elements. Likewise, the spot of dispersion must make client accommodation and fit in with client character and perspectives (Graham, 2005). 6. ‘It’s a cool thought. Everybody will cherish this’. This is a methodology legend since reference bunches like close relatives, family members, and economic wellbeing in the general public impacts the customer buying design. Customers look to satisfy their mental needs, love and having a place needs and confidence (Stonehouse and

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Why International and Domestic Terrorist Hate Research Paper

Why International and Domestic Terrorist Hate - Research Paper Example The battle against psychological warfare is a worldwide obligation in any case, there is have to distinguish why these fear based oppressor bunches target explicit locales and countries while assaulting. As per LaFree et al (2012) universal fear based oppression has been a danger in USA since 1970. The objectives being populated territories and government premises. The strategies have changed throughout the years however the effects of their assaults have been destroying both to the influenced people and the country’s economy. The significant strategies utilized by al-Qaeda remains office assaults, for example, the September 11 assault. The primary point of these dread gatherings is to mentally and genuinely influence their objectives. The higher the causality would suggest their accomplishment in their assault. The principal reason concerning why the detest is the way that the two territorial areas of USA and the fear bunch have had its chronicled contrasts. The chronicled competition has had influence in making USA their objective. Authentic contrasts have finished into disdain and absence of trust between the dread gathering and the country. The past pioneers of the gatheri ng additionally have had their disparities with the state consequently this has had impact in making ill will between the nation and Al-Qaeda. Ideological contrasts have likewise had influence in making USA the objective of al-Qaeda. This spins around both political and philosophical belief systems. Political stands by the state have implied that they build up their national plan dependent on what the state accepts is the standard of law (Borgeson and Valeri, 2009). Then again the gathering advocates for customary approach in administration and way of life. Distinctive political belief systems has implied that the United State update their military strategy to offer guide to their partners. This implies the nation has been effectively associated with world legislative issues. Much of the time the military guide has implied diminishing the military ability of this dread

Saturday, July 25, 2020

Racing to Register

Racing to Register We all know the beginning of the semester is upon us when the need to register for classes comes around. Registration is very important for students in the sense that it shapes most of your daily routine for the rest of the season. Each section one registers for tends to effect the next section, and the goal is to think about the big picture when shaping a complete weekly schedule. Courtesy: wikihow.com The first step in creating the best schedule possible is planning to register the moment you are eligible. That information is available on the University of Illinois Self Service website. With that knowledge, be prepared to log on the minute your registration window opens while also having a schedule plan made beforehand by looking at the available sections in advance, and in doing so, you give yourself the best chance for a good semester sequence when you beat the loads of people registering  at that moment. Courtesy: wikipedia.org Secondly, always check the registration webpage before classes start if you do miss a favored section. People tend to drop or change sections later on before classes start leaving desired section reopened for registration. I have had at least one class section I failed to get initially open up or even be added to the available list as a new section later on providing me the opportunity to sign up for a much more comfortable school year. Courtesy: tes.com Lastly, the best thing t realize is that even if you do not get every class time slot you desire, you still have the potential for an excellent semester. The whole idea is that the hour or so you could have had a class can now be used as free time or a slot for a different elective class which you may not have taken otherwise. Therefore, class scheduling takes care of itself by the orderly nature of time, and one can use that to only better what he does during the school year. Jacob Class of 2018 I am a transfer student studying Engineering Physics in the College of Engineering. I started with the Illinois Engineering Pathways program through the College of DuPage. I am from Naperville, Illinois.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Fracking - Legal Consequences and Emissions into the Atmosphere Free Essay Example, 2750 words

It may be argued that unlimited fracking only holds negative consequences on the economy of the United States. However, to some extent, unlimited fracking has beneficial to the economy of the United States. The supporters of the fracking process have argued that economically, it provides thousands of jobs and especially to the economically depressed regions. For example, fracking has already provided jobs for many people in Southern Tier, which is a region along the northern border of Pennsylvania. The state of Ohio has also been reported to have the potential to create many jobs from fracking in the near future (Lydersen midwestenergynews. com). The United States natural gas reserves have been increased to 75% by fracking and this is advantageous to the economy (Pierce 2-3). This will increase manufacturing activity by reducing the cost of energy. It will also boost the economy as the costs of transportation will be reduced since heavy trucks, construction equipment and trains will be converted from expensive petroleum consuming machinery to machinery using cheaper natural gas. Fracking has also boosted the economy as the costs of paying for natural gas by the consumers are minimal (Pierce 5). The chemicals used during the fracking process have been exempted from the federal disclosure laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Fracking - Legal Consequences and Emissions into the Atmosphere or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Over the years, Britain has been seen to copy almost everything from America and recently, they have been eyeing the energy revolution in America that has come with fracking.

Friday, May 8, 2020

The Plague Of The Black Death - 1797 Words

â€Å"Ring around the rosy, a pocketful of posies. Ashes, ashes. We all fall down.† Many children sing this popular nursery rhyme around the globe; the origins of this seemingly innocent poem, however, derived itself in the thirteenth century. This tune originated during the time of a calamitous pandemic that struck the Eurasian continent. Commonly known as the Black Death, the plague is one of the most disastrous events in Europe’s natural history. England underwent serious modifications concerning it politically, socially, and economically as a result of the contagion. The Black Death, a plague that devastated Medieval England from 1347 to 1351, tremendously modified the Middle Ages; the pandemic contains a complex history that drastically altered England’s economy and people’s religious views. To start off, the first wave of the Black Death began in 1347; it reached England in September 1348. Historians believe the plague originated in Asia and spread to the Western Europe on trade routes. The first known records of the plague arose in Mongolia. Legends detail the Mongols spreading the pestilence during battle. When Mongolian soldiers first began falling ill, the leaders would â€Å"catapult the bodies of the infected into the depths of the enemy forces† (The Plague DVD). This legend is the first recorded instance of biological warfare. The plague progressed from Mongolia, to Caffa on the Crimean Peninsula, and finally to Sicily, Italy. The bubonic outbreak developed andShow MoreRelatedDeath by the Black Plague1017 Words   |  4 Pages The plague was the most devastating pandemic in human history, killing around 80-200 million people mostly throughout Europe, leaving most people back then wondering how they and others got sick and died. â€Å"Evidence available from rural continental Europe suggests a slow spread of human mortality across trade and travel routes, patterns consistent† (Carmichael 3), until after m ultiple inventions such as printing, word spread of this murderer, preventing more deaths and to treat those affected. ThisRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1048 Words   |  5 Pagesbody: without employment, is a disease- the rest of the soul is a Plague, a hell itself† (Smiles, Samuel). The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, came to existence in the Fourteenth Century. It was transferred from Asia in the late 1340s and caused a mass eruption in Europe. It was a very dark time period of history, which changed the way people viewed religion, fellow citizens, and life. In the 1300s, the century of the Plague, there were many poor conditions. One example was the home itselfRead MoreThe Black Death Plague795 Words   |  3 PagesThe Black Death is one of the worst disease in ancient history. It was an epidemic that killed millions of people between 1349-1351.Many people suffered from lack of care and lack of remedy, also it became difficult to find a medical person to diagnose such a horrible disease. Boccaccio, Tura and Venette describe the physical and social effect of Europe when the Plague had begun. In this selection, they describe how people respond and changed their behaviors .People were so scared from Plague thereforeRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1798 Words   |  8 Pagesoutbreaks of the Black Death pandemic in the world. In the history the Black Plague is also called as the Black Death or Bubonic Plague. This research paper will mainly cover the European outbreak of the 14th century as it is considered to be the era of the worst time of the Black Death period. Many historians would agree that the events of 1300s led to dramatic changes affecting every European country in all the aspects. Creating economic, social, religious, and medical issues, the Black Death caused renovationRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1484 Words   |  6 Pagestriggered not by humans, but by plagues. Plagues, defined as an epidemic with an amazingly high mortality rate according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, have been recorded throughout history, from the Plague of Justinian in Rome, to the Modern Plague of China (CDC). To the common man, all s/he sees is, the plague arrives, kills tens of millions of people, and then disappears into the night. In reality, the plague does not disappear quietly. The outbreak of a plague leaves a lasting legacyRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Plague is known as the most fatal disease in the worlds history! The disease killed nearly one-third of Europe’s population in the fourteenth century. The Black Plague is also known as the Black Death and was transmitted to humans by rodents such as rats and spread due to extremely unsanitary living conditions. European cities such as Paris and London were most devastatingly affected by the Black Plague The Black Plague is transmitted from fleas to rodents such as rats or mice to humansRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Plague1638 Words   |  7 Pageshave crawled across the globe was called the Black Death. The first known case of The Plague was reported in China in 224 B.C. although this is not the period in time when it would become its most dangerous. It is believed that because China was such an important trade center at the time, diseased animals and their infected fleas were unknowingly transported along with goods via The Silk Road to Western Europe and Asia. Centuries later, the Black Plague would rear its head and swallow nearly halfRead MoreBlack Death And The Black Plague1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was one of the most deadliest diseases of all time. This disease came to Europe around 1347 C.E, by merchants from East Asia. The Black Plague then spread all across Europe, and killed over 25,000,000 people. The Black Death had its effect on many things. The peasant and noble differentiation was realized to be bogus, the belief in religious authorities came under question, and poor people actually benefited from the Black Death. After the epidemicRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1035 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin with the most iconic epidemic, The Black Death. It will then discuss some of similar epidemics that have followed after and different treatments. This paper will show the progression of medicine and health around the world and the advancements in technology that have increased the lives of many individuals. The Black Death: The Black Death also known as the bubonic plague is considered a turning point in the development of medicine and science. This plague first occurred in China during the earlyRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1876 Words   |  8 PagesThe Black Plague Sickness times a thousand equals the Black Death. In our world, many disasters have occurred, causing terrible damage emotionally, physically, and mentally. However, I believe that the Black Death is the worst disaster to have occurred throughout our world’s history. It all started in 1348, when trading ships from different countries around Europe settled at the port of Messina, Sicily. Once the ship dropped their anchor many of their sailors were found dead, and the few surviving

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Effects Of Hydration Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Blood force per unit area, or the sum of force exerted on our arterias as blood is pumped through them, is frequently measured to estimate an person ‘s general province of wellness ( James 2010 ) . Age, weight, dietetic wonts, emotional conditions, and general fittingness all contribute to arterial blood force per unit area ( Weedman and Sokoloski 2009 ) . It has been confirmed by recent surveies that environmental factors, like quicksilver exposure, can act upon an addition in blood force per unit area over clip ( Valera et al 2009 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Of Hydration Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now About tierce of grownups worldwide suffer from high blood pressure, or high blood force per unit area ( Castaneda-Bueno and Gamba 2010 ) . Using a factor of our ain, the lab pupils conducted an experiment to prove the association between desiccation and blood force per unit area. I hypothesized that desiccation had a direct relationship with high blood force per unit area and bosom rate ; that is, the more dehydrated an person, the higher their blood force per unit area and bosom rate would be. With increased hydration, blood force per unit area and bosom rates would diminish to endorse to basal rates. The significance of this peculiar analysis is to prove whether hydration degrees in an single influences their blood force per unit area and/or bosom rates. A similar experiment has been performed with hydration and blood force per unit area, and the consequences show that desiccation in babies may take to future high blood force per unit area in grownups ( Smith et al 2006 ) . MATERIALS AND METHODS To run our experiment, we used an instrument called a â€Å" sphygmomanometer † to mensurate our arterial blood force per unit area. The group of topics dwelling of 26 pupils conducted three basal readings, before devouring H2O, at a somewhat dehydrated province. After two hours, our desiccation degrees were higher. Using our three basal readings we antecedently collected for control variables, we instantly began imbibing room-temperature H2O. I consumed about 16 ounces before taking the first of five blood force per unit area measurings, each done three proceedingss apart, for a corporate 12 proceedingss of appraising. Blood force per unit area, in this instance, would be the dependent variable, whereas the sum of H2O consumed ( hydration degree ) would be the independent variable. After carry oning the experiment and entering each blood force per unit area and bosom rate measuring, the group ‘s information was consolidated. Using all of the collected information, I averaged the blood force per unit areas and bosom rates, computed the p-values utilizing several of the informations sets coupled with the last measurings ( after 12 proceedingss ) by running six t-tests, and found the scopes of overall blood force per unit area and bosom rate. Consequence This experiment was conducted to mensurate the correlativity between hydration and blood force per unit area and bosom rate. I compared six informations sets with the 12 minute station informations set by making paired t-tests ( table 5 ) , and found that three of them had a p-value of less than 0.05. This suggests that the variable alteration between the compared information sets has a less than five percent chance of happening by opportunity. The information sets that had important p-values were the radical pulse rate ( 3 ) , radical systolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) , and diastolic blood force per unit area at clip 0. One information set, systolic blood force per unit area at clip 0, had a p-value of 0.06974 which is really close to significance but can non be considered as solid grounds. The other two informations sets, basal diastolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) and pulse rate at clip 0, had really high p-values ( 0.407448 and 0.799202 ) and can non be used as support . The norms for systolic blood force per unit area, diastolic blood force per unit area, and bosom rate were calculated and plotted on three different charts in comparing to clip ( 0 to 12 proceedingss ) . Each of the charts illustrates similar inclinations. Get downing at a maximal value, there is an initial lessening from clip zero to six proceedingss ( values at lower limit ) . Then there is a little addition from six to nine proceedingss, and eventually, a little lessening at the terminal of the 12 proceedingss. In the instance of secret plan 3, the bosom rate mean remains changeless after six proceedingss. Harmonizing to table 4, the scopes for all pulse rates and all blood force per unit areas were calculated as 69 and 75/65, severally. Three separate tabular arraies ( 1-3 ) represent basal pulse rate and blood force per unit area norms, post-drinking pulsation rate norms ( at 12 proceedingss ) , and post-drinking blood force per unit area norms. Time ( min ) 0 3 6 9 12 Mean 71.69 70.12 69.44 70.56 70.56 Time ( min ) 0 3 6 9 12 Mean 120/79 114/70 110/66 117/77 114/72 Data Sets Overall PR Overall BP Scope 69 75/65 Basal Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure Averages Table 1 Table 3 Table 5 Post-Drinking Pulse Rate Averages Table 2 Post-Drinking Blood Pressure Averages T-test Consequences ( All paired with 12 min post informations ) Scopes for Pulse Rates and Blood Pressures Data Sets Basal PR 3 Basal Systolic BP 3 Basal Diastolic BP 3 Time 0 PR Time 0 Systolic BP Time 0 Diastolic BP p-values 0.00079 0.04239 0.407448 0.799202 0.06974 0.04954 Table 4 Data Sets Basal Pulse Rate 1 Basal PR 2 Basal PR 3 Basal Blood Pressure 1 Basal BP 2 Basal BP3 Mean 77.07692 79.23077 77.7307 112/70 110/70 107/69 Time ( min ) 0 3 6 9 12 Systolic 120 114 110 117 114 Time ( min ) 0 3 6 9 12 Diastolic 79 70 66 77 72 Time ( min ) 0 3 6 9 12 Heart Rate 71.69 70.115 69.44 70.56 70.56 Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Discussion My hypothesis for this experiment was that increased desiccation in an person would demo increased blood force per unit areas and bosom rates. I predicted to see a dramatic lessening in these measurings from our basal readings ( dehydrated province ) to the 12 proceedingss after full hydration. After carry oning the experiment and running these t-tests with the collected information, there is important grounds to back up my hypothesis and suggest that hydration is negatively correlated with blood force per unit area and bosom rate. The value of 0.00079 agencies that the consequences of radical bosom rate ( 3 ) measurings correlate with hydration, and the chance of the diminishing tendency happening by opportunity was merely.079 % . Basal systolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) had a p-value of.04239, and diastolic blood force per unit area at zero proceedingss had a p-value of.04954. The chances that those two occurred by opportunity were both under 5 % . This suggests that those measurings exceptionally declined as a consequence of increased hydration, which provides important grounds to back up my hypothesis. The graphs that depict blood force per unit area versus clip show that, from clip 0 to clip 12, blood force per unit area decreases from a high scope back down to a normal scope. Heart rate and blood force per unit area are, by and large, straight related, therefore my hypothesis should hold been reflected through the t-test computations of all blood force per unit area and bosom rate measurings. The three high p-values that contradict the remainder of the consequences could hold been due to input mistakes on the computing machine ; besides, some informations came up clean upon having the excel spreadsheet, hence some variables were non accounted for. Using the basal measurements we gathered from two hours before get downing this experiment likely skewed the consequences, for these Numberss could non accurately reflect what our force per unit areas and rates were at our most dehydrated province of the experiment ( right before imbibing ) . Another survey has been done to prove hydration and blood force per unit area, and the consequences show that hydration is straight related to lower resting blood force per unit area ( Patterson and Spinks 2002 ) . This survey ‘s t-test values were exhaustively important plenty to reason that the relationship between blood force per unit area and hydration is strongly, negatively correlated with one another ; as hydration increased, blood force per unit area decreased. The most of the consequences of our experiment do hold with this survey, chiefly with the significance of the low p-values and overall decision that hydration and blood force per unit area are negatively correlated. One failing in the process that I found to be a beginning of inaccuracy was the usage of basal measurings that we took at a more hydrous province than when we really started the experiment. To genuinely compare blood force per unit area and bosom rates before and after imbibing, we should hold re-measured basal rates under the most dehydrated province possible, right before we began to imbibe. Another possible failing in process was maintaining the volume of H2O invariable for every pupil. We do non cognize how much every one drank, precisely, hence consequences could hold been affected by deficient fluid ingestion and eventual rehydration. This experiment has led to the decision that hydration affects blood force per unit area and bosom rate ; from a dehydrated status, blood force per unit area and bosom rate by and large decrease as hydration additions. Literature Cited Castaneda-Bueno M, and Gamba G. Feb 2010. SPAKling insight into blood force per unit area ordinance. EMBO Molecular Medicine. 2 ( 2 ) : 39-41. James, DCS. Hypertension. FAQs.org. [ Internet ] . [ updated 2010 ] . [ cited 1 February 2010 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.faqs.org/nutrition/Hea-Irr/Hypertension.html. Patterson SM, Spinks DE, and the Society for Psychophysiological Research. 2002. Relationship between hydration sweetening and blood force per unit area: More is better. Psychophysiology. Washington D.C. p 39. Smith GD, Leary S, Ness S, and The ALSPAC Study Team. 2006. Could dehydration in babyhood lead to high blood force per unit area? J Epidemiol Community Health. 60:142-143. Valera B, Dewailly E , and Poirier P. Nov 2009. Environmental Mercury Exposure and Blood Pressure Among Nunavik Inuit Adults. American Heart Association, Inc. 54:981. Weedman D, and Sokoloski ES. 2009. Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology. In: Biology of Organisms: Lab Manual for LIFE103, 5e. Mason, ( OH ) : Cengage Learning. p 173-184. How to cite The Effects Of Hydration Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Monday, April 27, 2020

Sweet Diamond Dust Essay Example For Students

Sweet Diamond Dust Essay Chapter IV focuses on the presence of the Americans in Puerto Rico during the early part of the twentieth century and their subsequent development of the sugarcane industry there. During this time, the United States military occupied Puerto Rico. Due to this occupation, the native islanders were affected in numerous ways and were looked down upon by the Americans. The Americans viewed the natives as incompetent and unable to be trusted. Many new American banks were popping up in Guamani that were reluctant to finance island run mills, but were giving money to the American run mills: A number of powerful banks from the north had recently opened branches in GuamaniThese banks, however, found no difficulty in financing the new sugar corporations that had recently arrived in town, but mistrusted island initiative (26). We will write a custom essay on Sweet Diamond Dust specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The opening and inauguration of the Snow White Mills, the ultramodern refining complex the newcomers (Americans) had been building from months on the valley, (28) was of major significance in this chapter. Don Julio was strong-willed and vowed that he would not sell any of his land and share the same fate as the other local sugar mills. It was rumored that the Americans had declared a cessation of hostilities in the sugar mills war, and were now willing to aid the criollo hacienda workers. This was his opportunity to mingle and discuss his plans with the owners of Snow White Mills. When Don Julio arrived at the fair grounds, he made his way over to Mr. Durham and Mr. Irving, the president of the mills and the president of the sponsoring bank National City Bank, respectively. These two Americans saw the US victory as a major step towards modernizing for the US and for Puerto Rico: Twenty years ago it brought you freedom and order; this times its bringing you our nations progress. Thanks to that army out there your island is being inaugurated today in to the modern age, (32) said Mr. Durham speaking of the army that was present at the festivities. Don Julio was disturbed and offended by this comment. Mr. Irving said that the progress of the new century belongs to Americans and the progress of the past belongs to the Spanish. Yet again, showing how the Americans look down upon the native peoples. He then proposed his deal to the two Americans; he would sell them some of his cane fields, if they would lend him the money to modernize his own mill. The Americans find this to be amusing because Don Julio thinks that the bank invested to wipe out foreign landowners, when they were really investing in a business that has potential to be profitable: This man thinks our bank is Snow Whites business partner! Im afraid youre mistaken my friend. Weve no vested interests whatsoever in the venture, and there no way M. Durham can tell us what to do. And taking Don Julio gently by the arm, he explained that his banks role was not to choose between criollo and foreign landowners, but to loan out money to a solid enterprise, for the good of all, (33) said Mr. Durham. This shows the difference between the two ways of thinking. The Americans are concerned with the business aspects and money. On the other hand, Don Julio is worried about his family business. The day of the inauguration was a big spectacle with a zeppelin, donning the colors of the American flag on its tail on a banner stating April 15, 1918- Follow Our Example, flying in the direction of the new mill. This zeppelin served two purposes. The first being that the banner was showing their feeling of superiority over the native peoples. If the native peoples were to follow the American way, they would be better off. Also, the zeppelin is leading the peoples towards the festivities. This shows that the Americans dont believe that the natives must be lead and are not able of doing things on their own. .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 , .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .postImageUrl , .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 , .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:hover , .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:visited , .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:active { border:0!important; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:active , .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5 .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57f8886cc52e171b81a4e0808361f0b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Antigone's Tragic Hero EssayIn conclusion, there are many differences that are apparent between the Americans and Puerto Ricans in this chapter. The American occupation and taking over helped to bring out and show these differences. The manner in which the Americans go about dealing with the Puerto Ricans shows their lack of respect. Most of all, Puerto Rican sugar fields took the worst hit.

Thursday, March 19, 2020

China-Japan relations and the views of news organizagions essays

China-Japan relations and the views of news organizagions essays Recently, Anti-Japanese protest has peaked in China due to Japans approval of high school history textbooks that contain significant revision and whitewash of its brutal actions towards China and Korea during WWII. At the same time Japan is trying to win a permanent seat on an expanded United Nations Security Council. China, being a member of the permanent United Nations Security Council, exercises veto against Japans effort. Two news organizations; New York Times and Washington Post, Blogsforbush.com and Chamsarang.com, an anti-war community in Korea have slightly different approaches to the issue. First, I will briefly summarize the history that had led the tension between the three nations in order to give some insight on the origin of anti-Japan movement, then discuss the different approaches that media has on Japans current action on the approval of inadequate textbooks, and Chinas objection and standpoint on Japans effort to win the Security Council. Both China and Korea long accused Japan for not apologizing for brutally invading its neighbor countries and the tension between the countries that still exists today. The Nanjing massacre was perhaps the best remembered and most infamous event in the Japanese invasion of China that killed nearly 300,000 citizens and soldiers. In addition to the huge number of deaths, over the course of weeks following the fall of Nanjing, Japanese troops engaged in an orgy of rape, murder, theft, and arson. Historians estimates that tens of thousands of women from as young as 7 to the elderly were raped. Rapes were often performed in public during the day and often in front of spouses or family members. The rape was systemized in a process where soldiers would search door to door for young girls. Many women were taken captive to be gang raped and some were kept to be raped again. It was common for a woman to be killed immediately after being raped usually by mutilati...

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Syria Geography, Facts, and History

Syria Geography, Facts, and History Capital and Major Cities Capital: Damascus, population 1.7 million Major Cities: Aleppo, 4.6 million Homs, 1.7 million Hama, 1.5 million Idleb, 1.4 million al-Hasakeh, 1.4 million Dayr al-Zur, 1.1 million Latakia, 1 million Dara, 1 million Government of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is nominally a republic, but in actuality, it is ruled by an authoritarian regime headed by President Bashar al-Assad and the Arab Socialist Baath Party. In the 2007 elections, Assad received 97.6% of the vote. From 1963 to 2011, Syria was under a State of Emergency that allowed the president extraordinary powers; although the State of Emergency has officially been lifted today, civil liberties remain curtailed. Along with the president, Syria has two vice presidents - one in charge of domestic policy and the other for foreign policy. The 250-seat legislature or Majlis al-Shaab is elected by popular vote for four-year terms. The president serves as the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in Syria. He also appoints the members of the Supreme Constitutional Court, which oversees elections and rules on the constitutionality of laws. There are secular appeals courts and courts of the first instance, as well as Personal Status Courts that use sharia law to rule on marriage and divorce cases. Languages The official language of Syria is Arabic, a Semitic language. Important minority languages include Kurdish, which is from the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European; Armenian, which is Indo-European on the Greek branch; Aramaic, another Semitic language; and Circassian, a Caucasian language. In addition to these mother tongues, many Syrians can speak French. France was the League of Nations mandatory power in Syria after World War I. English is also growing in popularity as a language of international discourse in Syria. Population The population of Syria is approximately 22.5 million (2012 estimate). Of those, about 90% are Arab, 9% are Kurds, and the remaining 1% is made up of small numbers of Armenians, Circassians, and Turkmens. In addition, there are about 18,000 Israeli settlers occupying the Golan Heights. Syrias population is growing quickly, with annual growth of 2.4%. The average life expectancy for men is 69.8 years, and for women 72.7 years. Religion in Syria Syria has a complex array of religions represented among its citizens. Approximately 74% of Syrians are Sunni Muslims. Another 12% (including the al-Assad family) are Alawis or Alawites, an off-shoot of the Twelver school within Shiism. Approximately 10% are Christians, mostly of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, but also including Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, and Assyrian Church of the East members. Approximately three percent of Syrians are Druze; this unique faith combines Shia beliefs of the Ismaili school with Greek philosophy and Gnosticism. Small numbers of Syrians are Jewish or Yazidist. Yazidism is a syncretic belief system mostly among ethnic Kurds that combines Zoroastrianism and Islamic Sufism. Geography Syria is situated on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It has a total area of 185,180 square kilometers (71,500 square miles), divided into fourteen administrative units. Syria shares land borders with Turkey to the north and west, Iraq to the east, Jordan and Israel to the south, and Lebanon to the southwest. Although much of Syria is desert, 28% of its land is arable, thanks in large part to irrigation water from the Euphrates River. The highest point in Syria is Mount Hermon, at 2,814 meters (9,232 feet). The lowest point is near the Sea of Galilee, at -200 meters from the sea (-656 feet). Climate Syrias climate is quite varied, with a relatively humid coast and a desert interior separated by a semiarid zone in between. While the coast averages only about 27 °C (81 °F) in August, temperatures in the desert regularly surpass 45 °C (113 °F). Similarly, rainfall along the Mediterranean averages 750 to 1,000 mm per year (30 to 40 inches), while the desert sees just 250 millimeters (10 inches). Economy Although it has risen into the middle ranks of nations in terms of the economy over recent decades, Syria faces economic uncertainty due to political unrest and international sanctions. It depends on agriculture and oil exports, both of which are declining. Corruption is also an issue.on agriculture and oil exports, both of which are declining. Corruption is also an issue. Approximately 17% of the Syrian workforce is in the agriculture sector, while 16% are in industry and 67% in services. The unemployment rate is 8.1%, and 11.9% of the population live below the poverty line. Syrias per capita GDP in 2011 was about $5,100 US. As of June 2012, 1 US dollar 63.75 Syrian pounds. History of Syria Syria was one of the early centers of Neolithic human culture 12,000 years ago. Important advances in agriculture, such as the development of domestic grain varieties and the taming of livestock, likely took place in the Levant, which includes Syria. By about 3000 BCE, the Syrian city-state of Ebla was the capital of a major Semitic empire that had trade relations with Sumer, Akkad and even Egypt. The invasions of the Sea Peoples interrupted this civilization during the second millennium BCE, however. Syria came under Persian control during the Achaemenid period (550-336 BCE)  and then fell to the Macedonians under Alexander the Great following Persias defeat in the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE). Over the next three centuries, Syria would be ruled by the Seleucids, the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Armenians. Finally, in 64 BCE it became a Roman province  and remained so until 636 CE. Syria rose to prominence after the founding of the Muslim Umayyad Empire in 636 CE, which named Damascus as its capital. When the Abbasid Empire displaced the Umayyads in 750, however, the new rulers moved the capital of the Islamic world to Baghdad. The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) sought to regain control over Syria, repeatedly attacking, capturing and then losing major Syrian cities between 960 and 1020 CE. Byzantine aspirations faded when the Seljuk Turks invaded Byzantium in the late 11th century, also conquering parts of Syria itself. At the same time, however, Christian Crusaders from Europe began establishing the small Crusader States along the Syrian coast. They were opposed by anti-Crusader warriors including, among others, the famous Saladin, who was the sultan of Syria and Egypt. Both the Muslims and the Crusaders in Syria faced an existential threat in the 13th century, in the form of the rapidly expanding Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanate Mongols invaded Syria  and met fierce resistance from opponents including the Egyptian Mamluk army, which defeated the Mongols soundly at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in 1260. The foes fought on until 1322, but in the meanwhile, the leaders of the Mongol army in the Middle East converted to Islam and became assimilated into the culture of the area. The Ilkhanate faded out of existence in the mid 14th century, and the Mamluk Sultanate solidified its grip on the area. In 1516, a new power took control of Syria. The Ottoman Empire, based in Turkey, would rule Syria and the rest of the Levant until 1918. Syria became a relatively little-regarded backwater in the vast Ottoman territories. The Ottoman sultan made the mistake of aligning himself with the Germans and Austro-Hungarians in World War I; when they lost the war, the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Sick Man of Europe, fell apart. Under supervision by the new League of Nations, Britain and France divided the former Ottoman lands in the Middle East between themselves. Syria and Lebanon became French mandates. An anti-colonial revolt in 1925 by a unified Syrian populace frightened the French so much that they resorted to brutal tactics to put down the rebellion. In a preview of French policies a few decades later in Vietnam, the French army drove tanks through the cities of Syria, knocking down houses, summarily executing suspected rebels, and even bombing civilians from the air. During World War II, the Free French government declared Syria independent from Vichy France, while reserving the right to veto any bill passed by the new Syrian legislature. The last French troops left Syria in April of 1946, and the country gained a measure of true independence. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Syrian politics were bloody and chaotic. In 1963, a coup put the Baath Party into power; it remains in control to this day. Hafez al-Assad took over both the party and the country in a 1970 coup  and the presidency passed to his son Bashar al-Assad following Hafez al-Assads death in 2000. The younger Assad was seen as a potential reformer and modernizer, but his regime has proved corrupt and ruthless. Beginning in the spring of 2011, a Syrian Uprising sought to overthrow Assad as part of the Arab Spring movement.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Generating Theory from Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Generating Theory from Practice - Essay Example Wherein, Evidence based practice provides high quality patient care by the nurses based on research and knowledge, rather than on the basis of traditions, myths and outdated books among others. . These two practices frame an important part of the nursing theory and further help in the development of prevailing nursing theories. Nursing theory can be defined as â€Å"a logically interrelated set of confirmed hypotheses† (Brown, 1997). Furthermore, it has been discussed that to utilize the nursing theory effectively, it is necessary to derive a better understanding about the description, analysis and the evaluation of the theory. According to the aforesaid discussions, it can be stated that nursing theory must involve care for the patients to build up confidence in them. Furthermore, nurses must be well acquainted with medical ailments to deal with critical situation, whenever necessary. In this stand, these theories if implemented in future, it can assist patient and their fami lies to keep faith upon the medical department and to maintain a cooperative atmosphere for better results. â€Å"Reflective practice can be defined as the process of making sense of events, situations and actions that occur in the workplace† (Nursing Times Awards, 2013). ... mented to strengthen the shared thinking and can also be applied for the purpose of bringing alignment between various healthcare activities (Amulya, 2011). In case of Evidence-based practice, it inculcates, qualitative project, which mainly contributes to the other research initiatives. This paper intends to evaluate efficiencies of nursing theories. This paper will also critically analyze the Reflective Practice (RP) and the Evidence Based Practice (EBP), which is applied in the development of nursing theories. A proposition is a statement about a concept or the relation between two or more concepts. EBP is a quality assurance activity, which involves low cost and high relevance within medical context. It requires team involvement and collaborative actions (French, 1999). The RP is a dynamic process, which is associated with individuals need for care, which inculcates the emotional and personal feelings of the patients. Thus this assignment intends to evaluate the necessity of RP a nd EBP in the study of nursing. Discussion Nursing is a profession in health sectors which takes care of people to live a healthy and longer life. The ability of nursing to look after the need of the people depends on the way in which the nursing job is managed in health care systems (NHS Careers, 2012). It also depends on the way in which nursing practice is regulated and the quality care is assured. Thus to make the nursing study a clear concept, various practices have been introduced. This assignment mainly focuses on the two types of practices Reflective Practices (RP) and the Evidence Based Practice (EBP), which is required for the effectual development of the nursing theory. ‘Reflection on Practice’ signifies an important skill of the nurses. Nurses getting engage within the

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I Essay

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I - Essay Example nfluenced all aspects of society from the basic family setting where men are viewed as the head of the family with the task of making important family decisions mainly resting on them to the work places where they hold the high esteemed positions. Women have therefore had to fight to be recognized from all fronts. They have learnt how to balance their caring nurturing side with their go-getter side making them a force so powerful. Standpoints have supported strong objectivity whereby marginalized or oppressed people such as women have been made able to create more objective accounts of the world. They have had to adapt to the masculine culture by taking up more male dominated roles like by venturing into fields like engineering which are more technical. In other words they have become bicultural. On the other hand when felt oppressed, they have learnt to stand up for their rights because of the strong objectivity the standpoints have offered them. This is seen vividly when it comes to the issue of women sexuality. They have defended their sexuality from the inhumane practices like rape, domestic violence and harmful demeaning cultural practices. Women have also learnt how to be accountable for the way they articulate their wants and demands. They base their demands on facts that are rational detaching all the emotional aspects that would discredit their plea on the basis that they are weak. Women have learnt how to look out for their

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Health Promotion in the UK

Health Promotion in the UK Introduction Health promotion is a vast and complex subject, encompassing aspects of definitions of health, practical and political approaches to promoting health, education, social policy and particular notions related to preventative approaches to lifestyle management. As such, it requires careful examination and consideration in terms of the current UK socio-political culture and in terms of the evolution of health promotion into its current state (Scriven and Orme, 2001). Health promotion involves a great variety of people, professions and players, including politicians, doctors, nurses, social care professionals, teachers and educators, the legal profession, and of course, the general public. It touches everyone in our society in one form or another, from the advertising on cigarette packets to the nutritional information displayed on supermarket foods. Therefore, it is of concern to everyone in society, because it considers health, however it is defined, as being to a certain degree manageable, in that the manipulation of lifestyle and environmental factors can support people in achieving optimum health and wellbeing. However, its very complexity, partly due to its historical evolution, partly due to the complex social and political interactions which define the sphere of health in society, can mean that simplistic notions of health, health promotion and associated concepts are difficult to define and to achieve. This essay will address some of the complexities of the issues of health promotion. It will attempt to define what health promotion is, what ideas, ideals and concepts it includes, and how health promotion is realised in a practical sense. It will also address the need for exploration of the outcomes and interactions of health promotion activities, and their social and institutional context. It will, of necessity, discuss aspects of the healthcare systems within the United Kingdom which pertain to the subject, and of the socio-political systems and histories which underpin the current climate. It will then examine vital aspects of health promotion, such as health education and communication, participative approaches to health promotion, and evaluation of health promotion initiatives. The author will also attempt to debate ethical, political and professional dilemmas that arise in new practices and policies for promoting health and explore the development of ways of promoting health t hat tackle social and economic inequalities and that are holistic and culturally sensitive. What is Health Promotion? Tones (2001) describes health promotion as a contested concept, raising immediately the notion of differing definitions of health promotion, perhaps based on different conceptualisations of health or different social or political imperatives. Health promotion has often been viewed as synonymous with health education, while health education conversely is often believed to be a fundamental component of health promotion (Tones, 2001). It is also linked with and perhaps interchangeable with definitions of public health (Tones, 2001). This relationship with public health immediately takes the notion of health promotion away from the individual sphere and places it firmly in the public sphere, within the context of the social and political systems of the nation in question, or within a global perspective, both of which are applicable to this essay and discussion. Tones (2001) suggests a formula for health promotion where healthy public policy is multiplied with health education, establishi ng their relationship as the basis for our definitions of the concept. The World Health Organisation defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. This generic definition suggests that health itself is an individual state over which individuals can have some measure of control. Jones et al (2002, p.xi) also suggest that for many people, health promotion means targeting behaviour, but view it as something imposed upon them which does not necessarily work for them. However, given that promoting heath is a diverse, complex and multi-faceted activity (Jones et al, 2002, p5), these definitions do not address the range of activities and ideologies associated with the process. Health promotion policy appears to combine diverse approaches which include legislation, financial measures, taxation and organizational change. Tones (2001) simplistic suggestion of a formula of the interdependence of health education and healthy public policy as a definition of health promotion does not focus on the role of the individual. Both are equally important in our understanding of this issue. Tones (2001 p4) however further goes on to discuss a model of health promotion which focuses on the purpose of healthy public policy and health education, which is argued to be the empowerment of individuals and communities to reduce or remove the various barrier spreventing the attainnment of health for all. This is a more useful definition, but rather idealistic, as it sugges ts that such a goal is achievable, and there may be vast differences in individuals’ notions of ‘health’ and their abilities to achieve this. Health promotion and health education are often also seen as synonymous. Health education can be as complex an issue as health promotion to define. Education implies somebody ‘teaching’ or educating, and somebody learning new information. Tones (2001) p 15) describes emancipatory education, a dialectical process which involves critical consciousness raising which leads to the translation of critical thinking about social issues into action. Health education involves communication and the transmission or sharing of information, but also implies that such information must be assimilated by the recipient and then utilised in order to bring about change in the self or in aspects of behaviour, lifestyle or environment. There are great benefits in adopting the curent collective approach to promoting health, which aims to involve people not only in their own health and well-being but in acting together upon theirf physical, social, political and economic environment for the sake of health (Sidell et al, 2002, p 1). Such approaches allow for the incorporation, validation and promotion of individual and group needs based on diversity in race, ethnic or religious identity, social or lifestyle identity, social status and social and geographical inequality. Historical Milestones in Health Promotion Webster and French (2003 p9) suggest that while the immediate sources of health promotion and current approaches to public health lie in the political history of the 1970s, there are roots which go much further back, arguing that all communities have had some interest in co-ordinated community action to ensure a better life. The historical link between health promotion and public health is well established, with one of the most significant milestones being the formation of the National Health Service in 1948, whose medicalised approach initially hindered public health and health promotion initiatives as we see them today in favour of a treatment-oriented approach to illness (Webster and French 2003 p 10). Webster and French (2003 p11) suggest that the three seminal documents which launched what we know perceive as the health promotion movement were: the Lalonde Report New Perspectives on the Health of Canadians (1974); the World Health Organisation’s Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000 (1981) and the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 1986). It was these documents which, collectively, set out a vision for health improvement which exceeded the traditional approaches of sanitation engineering, lifestyle health education and preventing and caring health services which characterised health promotion to that point. Instead, health promotion became concerned principally with empowering citizens that that they could take control of their health an in so doing attain the best possible chance of a full and enjoyable life (Webster and French, 2003, p 15). This notion of empowerment appears fundamental to current perspectives on health promotion and to its influences on the National Health Service, including on such concepts as patient participation and collaboration, service user involvement and patient rights. This heralds a move away from the medicalisation of health towards a more social definition of health where power is apparently distributed more equally among those who experience and those who purport to affect health, illness and wellness. This is something that the World Health Organisation appears to have consistently advocated, a positive and holistic view of health which comprises mental, physical and social elements (Tones, 2001 p6). The Ottawa treaty, which encompasses the key principles of equity, empowerment and the reorientation of the health services, reflects this notion of demedicalisation, where collaborative working by the many agencies concerned with health promotion is believed to maximise the potential of any strategy or policy in this arena (Tones, 2001, p7). Within the UK, policy drivers which have driven health promotion initiatives are too numerous and complex to fully explore within the context of this essay. However, governmental initiatives, changes in health and social services, changes in approaches to public health and changes in statutory control and responsibility for public services have all formed part of the UK health promotion focus (Jones et al, 2002 p 9-13). However, there appears to be a counter culture of bottom up drivers as well, with empowerment leading to the enabling of the activities of community and voluntary groups to bring about change at local and even national levels. This reflects the overall picture of holistic health promotion as a community development activity rather than a policy founded in political rhetoric. Contextual and Practical Issues in Health Promotion The setting of health promotion is also of some concern, with the role of the media, community development and critical consciousness raising (Tones, 2001, p14-15) still areas of some debate. This author would argue that the media may have some merit in health promotion, but that there are likely to be many who do not trust the ‘messages’ given out given that so much advertising is false, suggestive and manipulative, and based on the need to sell products rather than truly promote health. Health and community services appear to be the most impactful arenas for health promotion to take place within. The National Health Service has already established a policy context for the promotion of health within public services (Adams, 2001 p35). Therefore, a primary and important leader for health promotion is the health authority, with its twin roles of service improvement and strategic leadership for improving health and tackling health inequalities (Adams, 2001, p38). Activities such as health needs assessments and community planning can be carried out in a collaborative and participative way with local organisations and community groups in order to target and focus health promotion activities at a policy level (Adams, 2001, p 39). Primary healthcare services and Primary Care Groups can also be a vehicle for health promotion (Velleman and Williams, 2001, p43), and given their location within communities should be ideally suited to this role. Such groups can focus on practical initiatives to reduce inequalities in health and to target issues such as heart disease, cancer, teenage pregnancies and accidents, on the back of governmental initiatives, alongside emergent and self-defined local issues (Velleman and Williams, 2001, p43). An example of an activity by a primary care group is of a stop smoking initiative, whereby health professionals were trained and located in GP practices to provide one to one support to smokers who want to quit, and practices were supported in developing systems that deliver stop smoking interventions effectively (Velleman and Williams, 2001 p 44). Such practices can have multiple benefits, both to the individuals whose health is improved by the intervention, and to their communities. The wider impact is also that such practices can serve as examples and provide evidence for other groups wishing to develop similar interventions. So it would seem that local initiatives can be of much wider importance. GPs have, following changes in contracts, been charged with the responsibility of improving the public’s health (Jones et al, 2002). But the limitations of their services, their training and their scope are still apparent (Jones et al, 2002). The National Health Service also has an already established professional context which is ideally suited to taking forward notions of true, holistic health promotion whereby communities and individuals become empowered as agents of their own wellbeing. Community nursing services, again on the frontline of NHS care and which function fully within the communities they serve, can be a vehicle for such activities (Wright, 2001, p58). These work alongside specialist health promotion services who act as catalysts and facilitators at local levels (Learmonth, 2001 p 66). Such professionals and services can be active in organisation development, through leadership, partnership, development, training, education and support and policy and strategy development (Learmonth, 2001, p66). They can also engage in evidence based practice, market research, communication and publicity, and programme management (Learmonth, 2001, p67). The benefits of having such professionals are obvious, particularly wit hin the already overstretched and under-funded health and social services sector. Such activities appear vitally important to achieving health promotion goals, and in particular to ensuring collaborative working and full community engagement. Therefore, specialist services can also support community development through advocacy, needs assessment, community participation, information for health, and evaluation of services (Learmonth, 2001, p 67). However, there are challenges, particularly in the capacity and recognition of such services and their location, which may fall between traditional services and serve to hinder their function (Learmonth, 2001, p75). Hospital nursing practice also provides vast scope for health promotion (Latter, 2001, p77). Among other potentialities, the role of the hospital nurse as the primary caregiver for individual patients equates to a significant scope for health education (Latter, 2001, p78). However, there is also the need to further develop this role, and support its expression in the beleaguered health service (Latter, 2001, p 79). Despite the challenges of this, it could be argued that nurses have a strong role to play in creating environments that are supportive of health, encouraging community participation in health and helping to generate healthy policies (Latter, 2001). It should be remembered, however, that nurses are themselves individuals, whose own health needs support and input, and so any drive towards increasing their functions within health promotion may also need to address their working conditions, and the demands which place a strain on their own health. Environment is another contextual issue in health promotion. The role of Local Authorities in supporting healthier environments and communities is described by Allen (2001, p 91), who argues that such authorities can act as role models, and through the work of environmental health services, can promote the health of communities through: food inspection and maintenance of food safety; housing standards; health and safety at work and during recreation; environmental protection; communicable disease prevention and control; licensing; drinking water surveillance; refuse collection and street cleaning; and pest control. These are statutory functions, but if effective and efficient, have obvious public health benefits and therefore health promotion benefits. In addition, the discretionary powers of local authorities can affect issues of HIV and AIDS, alcohol and drug addiction, nutrition, women and men’s health, heating and energy advice, occupational health, environmental enhanceme nt and poverty issues (Allen, 2001 p 91). Their limitations are apparent, but this is where the voluntary sector comes in, and often voluntary groups and agencies fill some of the gaps where statutory services cannot stretch to cover all areas. Social services address the social aspects of health, by engaging in preventive work with children and families, by involvement in the care of older people, and by engagement with the health and wellbeing of people with special needs (Jones and Rose, 2001 p 95-102.) Diversity issues can be addressed by some aspects of social services (Jones and Rose, 2001 p 95-102), but again, there are gaps, where in some areas voluntary agencies can fulfil identified needs that cannot be met by health and social care services. Another arena for health promotion is that of health education in schools (Scriven, 2001 p 115). This is another growth area, supported by a range of policy drivers (Scriven, 2001, p121; Beattie 2001 p 133). School nurses have always had a role in health promotion for specific age groups, and this is another area where health promotion opportunities can be maximised (Farrow, 2001 p 151). Similarly, there is some evidence that Universities can be effective loci of health promo tion activities, with the integration of visions of health within plans and policies and promotion of sustainable health within the wider community (Dooris and Thompson, 2001 p 160). For those who perhaps cannot be reached through these contexts, there is also the Youth Work setting, which also provides considerable scope for health information and advice, though this too is not without its challenges (Robertson, 2001 p 173-176). Where services fail to meet need, as already suggested, the voluntary sector may cover the shortfall. The greatest value of the voluntary sector lies in its diversity and its motivation, which stems from free will, moral purpose and individual personal engagement (Anderson, 2001 p 181). Voluntary agencies are non-profit-making and occupy a singular position within society. Conversely, profit-making agencies can also contribute to health promotion through health working policies and health promotion in the workplace (Daykin, 2001 p 204). Good occupational he alth services, for example, can also play a vital role in health promotion, both generally and in specific issues related to the type of employment and activities concerned (Lisle, 2001). What all of these point to is this notion of collaborative, interagency working, where health promotion becomes the common goal of diverse populations, agencies, services, professions and of course individuals. Some believe that effective interagency working lies at the heart of improving health outcomes for vulnerable populations (Jones and Rose, 2001, p 95). However, such a standard of working is difficult to achieve (Jones and Rose, 2001, p 95), perhaps because of the boundaries and restrictions within which such groups work, and the historical context which makes them protective of their own ‘territory’. It is obvious that such limitations must be overcome if health promotion goals are to be met. It we are to achieve the goal of a holistic, socio-ecological model of health fully applied to our societies, then new ways of working and communicating must be developed, building on current evidence from innovations and practice. Debates and Dilemmas in Health Promotion It would be reasonable to raise the question, in the light of all these services, policies and drivers which promote health in our arguably well-endowed nation, why indeed is health promotion still such a challenge? Why are so many still suffering from ill health, social injustice, health inequalities and supposedly eminently preventable diseases? There may be many possible answers to this. Health is believed to be ultimately determined by the existence of equity and social justice, which is in turn rooted in people’s material, social, economic and cultural circumstances (Tones, 2001 p7). It is also believed that community action for health is based on the premise that health chances and health choices are shaped, to a great extent, by the social, political and economic conditions in which people live, and that ability of individuals to shape and control these structures is limited (Jones et al, 2002 p 25). It has been argued that the creation of healthy public policy is the prerequisite for changing adverse environments in order to facilitate the development of health (Tones, 2001 p8), but this author would also argue that adverse environments must be ‘ owned’ by those who live within them, and no amount of policy, imposed ‘top-down’ will improve environments if those who live within them do not equally invest in their amelioration and long-term development. Tones (2001 p 9) does argue that individual empowerment and community empowerment are linked, and that these are partly dependant on a sense of community where individuals have some notion of membership of some kind of community or group. The term community implies a common bond between individuals (Jones et al, 2002 p 25). Therefore we see the individual in a different context, a context comprised of various relationships and connections with other individuals. These must surely affect health and health p romotion behaviours, positively and negatively. But what of the individuals who fall outside such communities? Is it the remit of government, at any level, to force or coerce individuals into a state of ‘belonging’? Definitions of communities and group identities may serve to alienate those who do not feel associated with them, but in this case it might be necessary to focus on the good of the many, and to address the larger issues before addressing individual differences of this kind. If self-empowerment is attainable (Tones, 2001 p 11) then such individuals may take control of their own health. Activities such as community campaign groups, self-help groups and even more politicised groups related to notions of women’s or men’s health may all engage in action for health (Jones et al, 2002), and therefore it could be argued that any one individual should find a group or action which ‘concerns’ them or some aspect of their life or lifestyle. This may be particularly important in terms of dive rsity, where so-called ‘minority’ groups can both campaign for issues pertaining to their own identities and needs, and develop services which meet those needs. This returns us to the work of the voluntary sector, which is where such activities tend to find expression. But surely it is the role of government, and the services provided, at a locally devolved level, through central funding, to provide such sensitivity in the services and policies it underwrites? Some would argue that such sensitivity exists, but we have yet to see it fully realised in action, and have yet to see evidence of the efficacy of these great policy drivers in real practical terms. Jones et al (2002 p 47) suggest that community groups may find it useful to develop partnerships with local authorities, the education sector, other groups, NHS services, employers and even the media in order to ensure a fully participative, collaborative and comprehensive approach to locally-suited health promotion activities. This author would argue that with the best will in the world, there will always be a divergence between the goals of different groups, and an imbalance of power betw een these different agencies. The agendas of central government may end up dominating those of the community, and while such collaborative working is the ideal, it may need to be undertaken with awareness and caution. Farrant (2003 p 230) argues that the recent moves towards community development may simply mirror or reinforce the existing power inequalities within social systems, and such activities simply serve as another vehicle for governmental control. It is therefore important to be aware of the policy context within social action on health promotion, and to engage in true community or communal activities rather than those made possible by the current political and funding context. The paternalism of our current political system is evident in the media and the governmental policy drivers which shape public services. Such paternalism may be of some benefit in highlighting health promotion issues which need to be addressed, but the media reports demonstrate an over-generalisation of the issues. It is at the community level that the real needs can be identified (Jones et al, 2002 p 100). Part of this process is the evaluation of health promotion initiatives and actions, particularly participatory evaluation of community action with dissemination of findings (Jones et al, 2002 p 100). This serves two purposes. It allows communities themselves to build on evidence and continue to grow and develop such initiatives in a reflexive manner, and it establishes their work within the fields of health and social care on a more critical, intellectual level as an evidence-base which can educate and empower others. This essay has touched on the notion of public health and policy drivers, and has equated health promotion, to a certain degree, with the notion of public health. It is important, therefore, to consider the public health debate and the politics of health promotion. The context of public health within the UK is very much concerned with the notion of health inequalities, again, as mentioned in the above discussion. The evidence from the UK still points to considerable inequalities in health depending on region, and on individual occupation, and suggests that these inequalities are widening, despite significant improvements in aspects of social and economic wellbeing (Graham, 2003 p 20). Changing distributions of work and income, changing access to housing (such as increases in owner-occupation), changing patterns of working and domestic lives are all affecting social determinants of health (Graham, 2003 p 24-25). It has long been believed that income inequality is an important determin ant of health in richer societies, but research suggests that population health is related less to how wealthy a society is, and more to how equally or unequally this wealth is distributed (Graham, 2003 p 25). But individual factors must be taken into consideration, particularly in terms of health and illness. It is no surprise that an individual’s health is a determinant a well as an outcome of socio-economic circumstances, where those in better health are more likely to move up the occupational and economic ladder, while those in poorer health will not (Graham, 2003 p 26-27). Factors on the individual level include material factors, such and the physical environment of the home, the neighbourhood and workplace, and living standards; behavioural factors, such as health-related routines and habits, leisure activities and diet; and psychosocial factors in particular increased stress and risk-taking behaviours (Graham, 2003 p 27-28). Public health therefore has a dual remit – to address the socio-economic factors which affect health, and to address the individual factors which influence health. There is evidence of addressing individual lifestyle factors in governmental paternalism in such campaigns as the no-smoking campaigns and legislation, and the current debate on obesity. However, the notion of the evidence which underpins these drivers is debatable. There has been in recent years, a strong trend towards evidence-based practice in all aspects of health care, and this includes health promotion and public health (McQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 165). Ideally the theory informing practice should arise from multiple disciplines and represent diverse research (McQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 167). However, there is a divergence between empirical evidence and so called qualitative evidence, the latter of which does not enjoy the validity or acceptance of the former in terms of evidence. While health promotion is widely assumed to be based on science and a scientific basis for human behaviour, a scientific paradigm does not underlie our notions of health, public health and health promotion (McQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 168). The whole concept of public health and health promotion stems from an holistic and almost communalist paradigm, rejecting the view that human behaviour is simply a response to physiological and neural processes (MqQueen and Anderson, 2003 p 168). Therefore, simplistic, reductionist and scientific principles of evidence derived from statistics and experimental research will of necessity be woefully inadequate in addressing the very real complexities of health promotion in the practical and real community context. Therefore there is a need to identify news way s of seeking and defining appropriate evidence, in a developmental process which mirrors that of the health promotion activities themselves. Conclusion It is evident that health promotion, particularly within the UK context, is a complex concept with a wealth of diverse yet oddly inter-related issues and problems. This essay has attempted to discuss some of the issues raised in the set books for the K301 course, with an exploration of key issues and some debate of current provision. Health promotion is a governmental initiative, but remains also an ideogical and idealistic goal. It is best viewed as an holistic concept with contextual characteristics which must be taken into consideration. Some of these contextual characteristics are national, some are local or locational, and some are individual. It is the relationship between these three that defines both the need and the processes required to meet that need, fundamentally at a local level. The very complexity of the context requires that health promotion activities occur through collaborative, communal and partnership working, which means a change from traditional methods of organising health and social services. If we accept the principle that coordinated action leads to improved health, income and social policies that foster greater equity, then we understand the fact that collaborative action contributes to ensuring safer and healthier goods and services, better and more locally suitable public services, and cleaner, more healthful environments. It also requires that policy-makers, groups and individuals identify barriers and challenges to the adoption of healthier policies and behaviours, throughout society, and develop collaborative approaches to addressing these. However, avoiding paternalism and the mimicking of governmental agendas is also vital. What is most apparent from this discussion is that despite the debates, and there are many, the systems and resources are already in place to foster improved public health and health promotion activties and to engage all sectors of the community in these actions. Such resources include primary healthcare services and groups, nurses working in acute hospitals and within the community, specialist health promotion professionals, social services, schools, voluntary agencies, statutory agencies, youth groups, social and self-help groups, and many more. The potential of these groups in and of themsleves to engage in health promotion, and to evaluate and communicate these activties to others as a form of evidence, is already apparent from the literature. In particular, the literature also suggests that the notion of evidence in this arena should move away from reductionist, scientific principles to mirror the holistic nature of the health promotion context. But the efficacy of these diverse players in the arena is limited until such time as full collaboration, partnership and inter-agency working is realised.

Friday, January 17, 2020

My Ántonia, Individualism Essay

(Individualism: Its Influence over Lena, Jim and à ntonia During Their Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood) â€Å"The longest journey is the journey inwards. Of him who has chosen his destiny, Who has started upon his quest for the source of his being†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Dag Hammarskjold.1 This individualist journey, Hammarskjold refers to, consists of two very important elements which contribute to individualism: (1) having the awareness of personal accountability before the Lord and Savior and (2) having a self-sufficient nature as a fountainhead of a person’s individuality which was required to settle the American frontier. These key ingredients mixed with an untamed land tempered the settlers into what we know them today as Americans which may be observed within Willa Cather’s My Antonia as the reader follows the lives of three key characters: Lena, Jimmy, and Antonia. Cather herself searched for her own individualism which she juxtaposed in this 1918 literary work with the character Jimmy. Both he and the author of the story were born in Virginia and at an early age were sent to Nebraska to join their grandparents. And much like the author, he had the pleasure of growing up with a variety of immigrants and stories. Such narratives inspired the author throughout her writing career. My Antonia follows the endeavors of the female protagonist, Antonia, and her foil, Lena, as they struggle in a new country, language, and culture seeking happiness and fulfillment in their lives which Cather so often observed in her childhood immigrant neighbors. Likewise, the reader learns about Jimmy with his own personal struggles as he strives for autonomy in a rugged territory with strict moral codes. Willa Cather’s My à ntonia addresses the notion of individualism which is best seen through direct and indirect characterization of three dynamic characters: Lena, Jimmy, and à ntonia by means of analyzing three stages of life: childhood, youth, and adulthood. A remarkable example of individualistic growth is depicted in Lena Lingard who lived in the countryside with her newly transplanted Norwegian family outside Black Hawk, Nebraska. The reader first encounters Lena through direct characterization as she is described as being â€Å"bareheaded and barefooted, scantily dressed in tattered clothing† (106)2 when she was just a child looking after her family’s herd. In the first part of the book she is introduced as a wild, poorly dressed working girl in charge of farm tasks much like other foreign girls: â€Å"Lena lived in the Norwegian settlement west of Squaw Creek, and she used to herd her father’s cattle in the open country between his place and the Shimerdas† (106). Further along in the novel, there is a clear change in this character’s life. She grows-up and changes her worn out rags for dressmaker quality clothing with hat and gloves as she begins a new phase in her life as a dressmaker’s apprentice in the town of Black Hawk: â€Å"’So you have come to town,’ said Mrs. Harling, her eyes still fixed on Lena.  ´Where are you working?’  ´For Mrs. Thomas, the dressmaker. She is going to teach me to sew. She says I have quite a knack’† (104). As a young adult, Lena strikes-out on her own to the city of Lincoln in a supreme final exhibition of the independence she has forged for herself throughout her life through hard work and determination. â€Å"‘I live in Lincoln now, too, Jim. I’m in business for myself. I have a dressmaking shop in the Raleigh Block, out on O Street. I’ve made a real good start’† (170-171). The path Lena has walked since her childhood, through her adolescence, and then adulthood has illustrated a noticeable achievement in becoming a self-sufficient young woman who quested for her destiny in an untamed land far from her native home. Lena’s personal accountability should also be explored, being one of the key elements of individualism, as she never turned her back on her family but always sent them money from her sewing work: â€Å"’After I learn to do sewing, I can make money and help . . . [my mother]’† (104). These individualistic elements were key in developing her character as she was noted in taking care of herself as well as her parents and siblings which was required of those immigrants who founded America and became a new breed of people known as Americans. Individualism was also reached by two other primary characters within this classic American literature novel: Jimmy and Antonia. Jim Burden, the narrator of the story and also one of the major characters of Willa Cather ´s My Antonia, is as well and important example of how a human being can evolve trough his life to find completeness and self-sufficiency. At the beginning of the book, Jim had just suffered the loss of his parents; and sent to his grandparents. While he was in the train on his way to Nebraska he was in deep grieve and uncertain about his future. â€Å" ´ I don’t think I was homesick. If we never arrived anywhere, it did not matter. Between that earth and that sky I felt erased, blotted out. I did not say my prayers that night: here, I felt, what would be would be ´Ã¢â‚¬ . Nevertheless, that sad passage in his life did not let Jim down. In the same train that he was travelling there was a Bohemian family. One of the members of that family was à ntonia Shimerda, who would become his best friend in the near future. When Jim had enough age to start studying at School, coincidentally his grandparents also had to move to Black Hawk due to Mrs. Burden health situation. There he met new friends, worked hard on his studies, and also had fun. Despite being sad and scared in the past, Jim managed to overcome these difficulties and successfully improve at school. So much so, that soon he would move to Lincoln to start his college career. There he met Gaston Cleric who joined him in his new adventure, and helped Jim to get over some obstacles that he had to face while living in Lincoln. â€Å"At the university I had the good fortune to come immediately under the influence of a brilliant and inspiring young scholar. Gaston Cleric had arrived in Lincoln only a few weeks earlier than I . . .† (165). Cleric also convinced him to move to Boston to finish his career, where Jim would finally reach his goal of becoming a professional. â€Å"Two years after I left Lincoln I completed my academic course at Harvard. Before I entered the Law School I went home for the summer vacation.† (191) Just after getting his college degree, Jim travelled back to Black Hawk where he would find everything different, his friends either dead or gone, the kids were not the same, and even the town itself was all changed. He left Black Hawk being an adolescent with dreams and now he had returned as a professional. He felt he was complete, despite of the fact that he still had very present that sorrowful night in which he was moving from Virginia to Nebraska. â€Å" ´I had only to close my eyes to hear the rumbling of the wagons in the dark, and to be again overcome by that obliterating strangeness. The feelings of that night were so near that I could reach out and touch them with my hand. I had the sense of coming home to myself, and of having found out what a little circle man’s experience is ´. (238)† By the time he came back to Black Hawk he knew that he had seized the opportunities he had and felt that his life had been worthy living. While back in town, he went to visit his beloved friend à ntonia, which also was happy. The happenings in Antonia’s life, and how she evolved from being a little girl in a foreign country to the women she became will be thoroughly developed next. à ntonia Shimerda is the main character that we find in Willa Cather’s My à ntonia. As well as Lena and Jim she is characterized during different stages of her life (childhood, adolescence and adulthood). One example of this characterization is portrayed in how à ntonia was developing her new language (English) and how it was influenced by the different periods of time she went through, as well as the places she moved to. At the beginning of the story we find à ntonia and her family moving from Bohemia to the prairie of Nebraska. In the prairie and as a child she met Lena Lingard and Jim Burden who would become one of the most important persons in her life. Jim was going to be the one in charge of teaching English to à ntonia who did not speak much English before the arrival to the prairie; â€Å" ´Ãƒ ntonia had opinions about everything, and she was soon able to make them known. Almost every day she came running across the prairie to have her reading lesson with me. Mrs. Shimerda grumbled, but realized it was important that one member of the family should learn English’† (24). It is evident that Mrs. Shimerda did not like the idea of à ntonia learning English. But, she understood it was important for à ntonia to learn the language in order to adapt herself and to find herself in her new country and home, also this would help à ntonia to take care of her family as she felt it as an obligation. As à ntonia was evolving her English was growing with her and with this some traits of her personality too. As explained before in the paper, Jim had to move to Black Hawk due to study reasons, but it was not going to be a long time before à ntonia also moved to Black Hawk, but with different intentions from one’s of Jim. à ntonia moved to Black Hawk to get a job, here she runs into Jim and Lena again. Now in her adolescence Jim says that à ntonia has very good English, â€Å"Tony learned English so quickly that by the time school began she could speak as well as any of us† (107). This shows that à ntonia kept practicing English to improve herself, as she felt that was one way to become better to help her family, and now in Black Hawk and with her job it was evident how the improvement in her English helped her. However, à ntonia would began to attend to dances with her friend Lena and this would carry a lot of problems with it for her, including losing her job because she did not want to quit attending to dances as requested by her bosses. The story carried on and further ahead in the story, when Jim comes back from Lincoln and the time he spent at Harvard to finish his studies, he finds a happily married grown-up à ntonia with children. à ntonia had married a bohemian guy called Anton and now she has a family, and she is very happy with them. While Jim is talking with à ntonia, he notices that her English has become bad as it used to be when she was a child and she was learning it. à ntonia tells him that now she has many troubles with English because at home they speak almost only in Bohemian, â€Å" ´I can’t think of what I want to say, you’ve got me so stirred up. And then, I’ve forgot my English so. I don’t often talk it any more. I tell the children I used to speak real well. She said they always spoke Bohemian at home. The little ones could not speak English at all—didn’t learn it until they went to school† (224). Now in her adulthood à ntonia was really worried and a good mother as well as a good wife who take care of her family. Here is where the change that à ntonia suffered from childhood to adolescence to adulthood is characterized, how she passed from a little girl to a loving mother. Throughout this essay three fundamental characters that we find in the novel My à ntonia by the author Willa Cather have been characterized, these characters are: Lena Lingard, Jim Burden and à ntonia Shimerda. The characterization of these characters has been done under the perception of individualism that is represented with each one of them. This perception of individualism of the characters has been shown based on the pursuit for autonomy that each character went through. At the same time three different moments in characters lives’ were chosen to describe them; the childhood, adolescence and adulthood. These moments in character’s lives’ were chosen because they are prior important stages in a person’s life. So, it was important to illustrate how the notion of individualism of each character could be characterized in these stages, taking into account crucial aspects that the characters faced in the search for themselves. Examples of these important aspects faced by the characters are a new country, language and culture in the case of Lena and à ntonia. Another example is the personal struggles of Jim as he attempts for autonomy in a rugged territory with strict moral codes.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Research on Patterns of Online Consumer Behavior - 1374 Words

In an analysis of the consumer behavior online, with focus group as young adults aged between eighteen and thirty-four interested in buying a mobile phone or a related product ,Petrovic Dejan explained that the most relevant behavioral characteristics of online consumers and examine several ways they find, evaluate and compare product’s information. Comparison of the freshly collected surveyed data with the present existing consumer behavior theory resulted in number of issues related to a specific consumer group. The motive of this report is to translate these findings into a set of implementation activities on strategic and technological level and the execution of these recommendations will result in better conversion of visitors into†¦show more content†¦On 6/10/09 San Francisco, CA the leader in online Customer Experience Management software (CEM), announces the results of the 5th annual survey of online consumer behavior, commissioned by Tealeaf and c onducted by Harris Interactives. The survey concludes that 48% of U.S. adults are now conducting more online transactions than they did in the past given the current economic climate. However, 80% of adults who have conducted an online transaction in the past year experience problems when doing so in 2009. Previously it was around 87%. This improvement over prior years is the result of a better focus on delivering perfect experiences to online customer. Although, this reported decline in online transactions issues is good news, online customer experience is still very much a work in progress. The percentage of consumers that are affected by issues can be specified such as error messages (38%), endless loops (19%) and login problems (28%) are still extremely high. Bikramjit Rishi in their study on online shopping finds it a very innovative option for the marketers in addition to the already existing distribution channels. It is innovative and creative because marketers can experiment with it in the form of content, visibility and availability. In India online shopping is considered as a relevant and meaningful alternative channel for retailing and also it is now an important part of theShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting The Indian Online Retail Market1201 Words   |  5 PagesOnline retail market in India: Recent changes in the Retail environment in India have pave way for major changes in the infrastructure, technology, regulation, shift in demographic patterns and changes in consumer preferences Broadbridge and Srivastava (2008). The main reasons for the transformation of retail market in India are factors such as rising disposable income, socio-economic growth, urbanization, demographic transitions, increasing middle income group and high demand. Broadbridge and SrivastavaRead MoreOnline Purchase Behavior Of Consumers1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes in detail the type of research method adopted, how the data was collected, purpose of data collection and how this data will be analyzed to derive conclusive results. In the end ethical issues have been discussed. The study aimed to understand the online purchase behavior of consumers in India. The factors leading to an increase in online shopping, current trends in the online retail market and to identify the demographic factors whi ch influence the online purchase. The literature reviewRead MoreTraditional Marketing vs. Online Marketing775 Words   |  3 PagesTraditional versus Online Marketing Traditional marketing (print, TV, radio, billboard, and direct mail) has always provided a means to attract new business and build brand identity (Greenberg, 2011). However, e-marketing programs are now an integral, cost-effective component of the overall marketing strategy of nearly every organization. Internet technologies allow organizations to cast a much wider net in reaching their target audience. Merchants can develop a deeper understanding of consumers by automaticallyRead MoreReliance Fresh Project Reports1678 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND THEIR BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS â€Å"RELIANCE FRESH† SUPERMARKETS NEW DELHI, INDIA.† Chapter 1: Introduction Reliance Retail: Retailing is the interface between the producer and the individual consumer buying for personal consumption. This excludes direct interface between the manufacturer and institutional buyers such as the government and other bulk customers. A retailer is one who stocks the producer’s goods and is involved in the act ofRead MoreOnline Shopping : Developing Countries1017 Words   |  5 Pageshas transformed how retailers and buyers meet at the market place through physical and online purchases, distribution of products and services(Bashir, 2013). Although deemed to be a familiar channel for success and growth in developed countries, online shopping is still considered an innovation in developing countries like Tanzania (Mlelwa, 2015; Zaied, 2012) According to Katawetawaraks Wang(2011) online shopping has facilitated the presence of many foreign companies looking to boost theirRead MoreConsumer Electronics Purchasing Behavior1425 Words   |  6 PagesA RESEARCH REPORT ON: â€Å"Consumer electronics purchasing behavior† Submitted By: Preetesh Shetty MMS-1, SEMESTER-2 DIV-C Roll no: 2011157 Project guide: Prof. Taruna Parmar DECLARATION I Preetesh shetty, pursuing Master’s of Management Studies, semester 2 from Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Management hereby declare that the research report entitled â€Å"Consumer electronics purchasing behavior† is submitted by me as a project work and is an original work. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would likeRead MoreA Good With Luxury Brand1498 Words   |  6 Pagesit becomes one of the most important symbols for social status and life style in worldwide nowadays. In the meanwhile, online shopping continues to a robust growth, with a result of online retail sales contributing to 4.9% of total sales in the first quarter of year 2012, under the phenomena of economic crisis(Bureau, 2012). However, if luxury brand performs a good show for online shopping adoption, especially in China. It is known to us that after year 1978 for the Chinese economic reform, ChinaRead MoreImpact of Persuasive Advertisements on Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Health Related Products.1296 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚   | RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT |   Ã‚  Ã‚   | Research Title: |    |   Impact of persuasive advertisements on consumer buying behavior towards health related products. | Introduction: |   Ã‚   | This thesis is about the study of consumer buying behavior towards health related product and their perceptions after watching advertisements and then make their decisions whether to purchase the product or not. This will help to find out the most important factors which can affect the buying behavior of the consumerRead MoreCase Study : Walmart Inc.1229 Words   |  5 PagesWalmart Inc. is a retail store with locations all over the country. It offers all kinds of consumer goods at affordable prices such as groceries, clothes, furniture, and household appliances. Walmart is able to do this because of its size and influence in the industry. As the top retail store in the country, it is able to negotiate better pricing deals with suppliers for their inventory hence keeping their costs down. A part of this benefit is passed off to the customer in the form of affordableRead MoreCh 1 H.W Consumer Behavior978 Words   |  4 PagesQ1:describe the interrelationship between consumer behavi or and the marketing concept. A1: marketing concept determine the needs and wants of specific target markets and Deliver satisfaction better than competition. consumer behavior includes all the decisions a consumer makes when spending their time and money. The what, why, when, where, and how of consumer purchases are examined in consumer behavior. It is not just individuals, but households, families, and groups that influence the decisions